English Language · Paper 2 · General Certiticate Of Education Examination · Advanced Level · June 2024
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Question 1
Summary Writing
Read the following passage on immunization and summarise it in one paragraph of not more than 150 words, using your own words as far as possible. Immunization has become a vital part of public health and disease prevention, and yet, remains a controversial topic in our society today. Diseases which were once responsible for significant morbidity and mortality have now become all eradicated, thanks to the introduction of vaccines. Immunization has contributed to increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. The World Health Organization has made life long immunization a priority, including it as a core to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. In fact, in 2012, the World Health Assembly adopted the Global Vaccine Action Plan, which aimed at preventing millions of deaths by 2020 by increasing access and utilization of vaccines throughout the world. The first milestone this action plan hopes to achieve is the worldwide eradication of polio. A vaccine is a pharmacological compound that improves a person's immunity to a particular disease. When a disease-causing bacterium or virus invades the human body, the immune system recognizes the material as foreign, usually by detecting specific protein portions of the invading organism known as antigens. Vaccines contain a form of the disease-causing agent, whether it be a weakened or killed form of the microbe itself, an inactivated version of its toxins or a protein from the surface of the microbe. By introducing a form of the agent, the vaccine presents the antigen to the immune system, allowing it to recognize the antigen as foreign and develop antibodies and memory T-lymphocytes against those antigens. This allows a more rapid and robust immune response should the body be exposed to the organism in the future. In the absence of vaccination, the first exposure to the natural organism may prove fatal before the immune system can mount a sufficient immune response. Childhood vaccinations are indicated for the prevention of a multitude of viral and bacterial infections and their sequelae. Specific vaccination recommendations for children vary by region, as exposure to disease varies by region. Current recommendations for adult vaccination include a yearly influenza vaccine and tetanus-diphtheria every 10 years, with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular-pertussis at least once in adulthood. The addition of acellular pertussis once during adulthood is intended to prevent the transmission of whooping cough to young children or those unable to be vaccinated. Passive immunization is indicated in patients who cannot form antibodies, such as those immunocompromised. It is also indicated when the disease may develop before active immunity is capable of developing antibodies, such as in a patient exposed to rabies. In this instance, the patient may develop rabies before the active immunization effectively creates antibodies. Contradictions to immunization are abound. The primary contradiction is an allergy to a vaccine or a component of the vaccine. Patients with a history of a compromised immune system, such as AIDS or another immune deficiency, should use caution when vaccinating with a live attenuated vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines should not be given to a pregnant woman, unless there is an immediate risk (such as a polio epidemic), as the live vaccines have the potential to infect the foetus. https://www.statpearls.com (Immunization-Jacob Ginglen 2021 adapted)
15 ptsQuestion 1 (Section C)
Literary Analysis
Read the following extract from John N. Nkengasong's Across the Mongolo and answer the questions below it. Nwolefeck returned too soon. The Chief and the Doctor lowered their voices as he sat down and chatted with me. I wished he had delayed a little longer so that I could follow to the end the conversation between the Chief and the Doctor. That was the truth. The younger generation had to do something. It is not because the old men have lost their teeth that the young men will not eat the bones. Something had to be done. It was clearly the place of the younger generation to raise their voices and ask for their rights. Their future had been auctioned and it was they who ought to fight hard to retrieve it. Their elders were limping to their graves with their guilt. However, how was that to save the situation? It was clearly the place of those whose future had been auctioned to act, those whose destiny had been auctioned in exchange for inconsequential political posts to act. a. Briefly recount what precedes this scene. (4 marks) b. Give the meaning in context of the following expressions: i "... old men have lost their teeth." (L3) ii "...their future had been auctioned" (L5) iii "...limping to their graves" (L6) iv "...in exchange for inconsequential political posts" (L7-8) (4 marks) c. Comment on the effective use of any two metaphorical expressions in the extract. (2 marks) d. Pick four different adverbs from the extract and say what type they are. (4 marks) e. What is the major concern in the extract? Show how this concern is raised and treated in any two other prescribed texts. (6 marks)
20 ptsQuestion 2
Text Reconstruction
Read the following text carefully, identify and correct the mistakes in it. Then copy the corrected text in your answer booklet, underlining all the identified corrected mistakes. It seem fashionable in some quater today to decry examinations and the ability to pass it. How far do you think it is valuable to have the skill to succeed in this formal test. I supposed that it shows a certain capacity to coping with new problems and it probably shows the ability to express taught and ideas in a way that can easily be understood by others. Yes, but it could equally well be argued that examinations tests only a certain kind of skill and all that a candidate needs is a good memory and a special facility, which do not depend at all on any capacity to think or to write on an an original way. Surely alot of employees rely very much on examination results when it comes to deciding whether to employ one school-leaver rather than another. You are absolutely rite. They quite wrongly accept the result as a standard by which a person real worth can be judge. It seems ineviteable that for as long as examinations exists those who can pass it will have an unfair advantage over those who can. Weather that is so or not, the mental effort of preparing for an examination is excellent in themselves, because even the dulest member of a class will exert themself without any ill-effects. At the same time it stops some teachers with fancifull ideas about what the young ought to be learning from putting too much emphasise in useless schemes of work. It can easily be shown that boys and girls from schools who don't take examinations had some startling gaps in their knowledge of basic subjects.
15 ptsQuestion 2 (Section C)
Literary Analysis
Writers' attitude towards their characters is often a mixture of like and dislike. Illustrate this view using two characters each from any three prescribed texts.
20 ptsQuestion 3 (Section C)
Literary Analysis
Show how writers highlight suffering in women's lives using any three prescribed texts.
20 ptsQuestion 4 (Section C)
Literary Analysis
With reference to any three prescribed texts, show how writers use humour to reveal character.
20 ptsSection B
Composition Writing
Choose ONE topic to write about from the list below. You are advised to write clearly and effectively, to spell and punctuate correctly, and to ensure that your writing is appropriate in style and content to the topic chosen. Avoid obscene language and do not disclose your identity. You should write between 500 and 550 words. a) Write a story based on the proverb, "Failure teaches success." b) Violence. c) Give an account of a holiday experience that ended in disaster. d) "Poverty in peace is better than riches in war". Do you agree? e) What could be done to reduce the amount of road accidents in your country? f) Write a story, a description or other form of composition suggested by one of the following pictures. Your composition may be directly about the subject of the picture or taken some central suggestion(s) from it. There must be a clear connection between the picture and your composition
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